BS-5099火花试验标准

   BS 50999:1992

Foreword  前言

This Britishi Standard has been prepared under thedirection of the cable and Insulation Standards policy Committee and supersedesBS 5099:1974 which is withdrawn..

本标准是英国关于电线电缆行业的标准，取代BS 5099:1974

This edition of BS 5099 introduces a clauseon calibration frequency, together with an associated annex on the procedurefor checking the efficacy of the method of spark testing.

此版本的BS 5099在附件里增添了火花试机的校准周期以及校准的方法和程序。

This British Standard specifies sparktesting of a wide range of cables, and , in as far as it is applicable, isequivalent to the spark testing specified in HD 21.2 and HD 22.2 for lowvoltage cables.

这个版本的BS 5099对电线电缆的绝缘火花试验作了很全面的说明，在很长时间内都是很适用的，在低压电线的火花测试与HD 21.2和HD 22.2是一样的。

Compliance with a British Standard does notof itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

BS标准本身不能作为产品免检的法律依据。

 Specification 规格说明

1 Scope  范围

This British Standard specifies requirements and testmethods for a.c,d,c,high frequency and pulsed wave-form spark testing of theinsulation and sheath of electric cables, The use of high frequency and pulsedwave-form testers is limited to cables rated less than 0.6/1KV,unless referredto in the cable specification.

这个标准是英国关于AC、DC、和高频以及脉冲电压对绝缘电线和护套的火花测试标准。高频或脉冲火花机是用于检测额定电压在0.6或1kV以下的电线。

2.References 参考

2.1 Normative references  标准参考

This British Standard incorporates, byreference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and thepublications are listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to , orrevisions of , any of these publications apply to this standard only whenincorporated in it by updating or revision.

2.2 informative references  标准的提供

This British Standard refers to otherpublications that provide information or guidance. Editions of thesepublications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed arelisted on inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latesteditions.

3 Application  应用

The spark test which is specified in thisstandard shall be applied at the stages

of manufacture indicated by the cablespecification.

这个标准里关于火花测试的内容对于电线电缆制造业是很有用的。

Note1. The test clauses of the appropriatecable specifications give details of the component to which spark testing isapplicable.根据电线的不同规格来选择适当的测试方式。

Note2.For guidance on the use of sparktesting machines, see annex A.   火花机的使用见附录A

4．High voltage source  高压电源

4.1 General  普通的

To avoid the risk of electrical shock topersonnel, for all types of voltage source the output shall be limited to lessthan 10mA r.m.s or equivalent. The high voltage source shall be supplied in oneof the following forms.

为了避免人员触及高压而造成的危险，所有的输出高压电源的电流必须≤10mA.高压电源必须符合下面某一种：

a)   Alternating current of approximately sine wace-form ata frequency of 40Hz to 62Hz.

a) 交流电电源频率为40Hz-62Hz，电压波形应近似正弦波。

b)   Direct current with the positive pole earthed and thenegative pole connected to the test electrode by means of a low capacitanceunscreened lead.

The peak to peak value of ripple on the d.c. output voltage shall not exceed 5% of the d.c. voltage.

b)直流电源的正极接地，负极由一根低电容的非屏蔽电线与试验电极连接。电源输出电压应为脉动因数不大于5%的直流电压。

c)   High frequency current of approximately sine wave-format frequency of 1kHz to 1000kHz. 高频电源频率通常为1kHz-1000kHz之间，电压波形近似正弦波。

d)   Impulsed current generated from a voltage wave-formconsisting of a sharp rise pulse followed by a highly damped wave train.

The sharp rise of the impulse wave frontshall reach 90% of the specified peak value in less than 20us. Fluctuations ofthe actual peak value, due to variations of input power into the generator,shall not exceed±2% of thespecified peak value. The peak value shall not show more than 5% reduction inthe event of an increase of capacitance load of 50pF,during the operation, froman initial load of 25pF between electrode and instrument ground. The pulseduration, including the damped portion of the wave, shall be between 40us and50us. The pulse repetition tate of the electrode shall be  a minimum of170 pulses per second. Visible or audible corona shall be evident in theelectrode structure when operating at the specified voltage

脉冲波的波头在20us内将会突涨90%。那些变化是由于输入脉冲发生器的电压所引起的。其波动不应超过每刻度峰值电压的±2%。在运行期间，电极的电容负载从25pf增到50pf.其峰值的增长应在5%以内。在脉冲周期的波形衰减应在40us与50us之间。电极每一的循环脉冲必须大于170次以上。运行的时候，在电极周围可以明显的看见有一束光环。

4.2 voltage monitoring equipment 电压检测设备

4.2.1 For a.c, d.c.and high frequency sources the electrode to earth potential difference shall bedisplayed on a meter either by connection direct to the output terminals of thehigh voltage source or by any suitable arrangerment which gives a result±5% of the drect reading. The metershall be calibrated to read d.c.or a.c. (r.m.s) as appropriate and shall conform to a standard not lower thanthat specified for class 1 instruments in BS89:part 1: 1990 and part 2: 1990.

火花机对地的电位差应由火花机的试验电压仪表显示，该表既可直接接到高压电源输出端，也可通过任何其他合适连接方法连接，但是其显示值误差应在±5%范围内。

4.2.2 for an impulse source there shall be a peak reading instrumentvoltmeter connected directly to the electrode head, indicating continually thepotential of the electrode with or without a grounded test wire in the chamber.The peak reading voltmeter shall show full deflection at a peak value notexceeding 25kV and shall have an accuracy of±3% of the specified operating value。This meter shall be capable of maintaining this accuracy for anadequate period, and the calibration frequency set accordingly.

脉冲火花机，电压表直接接在试验电极上，显示的是测试电线没有接地的情况下的峰值电压。电压表显示的最高峰值是25kV,误差为每刻度的±3%以内。这个表应能保证其准确度在一定内时间都不变，其校准周期同火花机。

The impulse test equipment shall becalibrated by means of a peak detecting electronic voltmeter connected directlybetween the electrode head and ground. The impulse generator shall be energizedand the voltage control of the impulse generator shall be adjusted until thereading on the calibration voltmeter is the specified potential,at which pointthe reading on the instrument voltmeter shall be observed  and recorded;this calibration shall be repeated at each specified peak potential. The pulsewave-form shall be monitored by means of an oscilloscope connected to the electrodehead at suitable test points.

脉冲火花机的校准是把数字电压表直接接在测试电极和地之间。调节脉冲发生器直到输出的电压与电压表上的电压一致为止。每个刻度都要观察和记录并要重复进行。脉冲波的波形是通过接在测试电极头上的示波器来观察。

NOTE:Calibration may be accomplishedwithout a test wire in the electrode head, in which case the voltage control onthe impulse generator may require different setting for each cable size inorder to give the desired reading on the instrument voltmeter; or thecalibration may be made with a load of 20pF to 60pF. The equipment may also becalibrated against an oscilloscope with a calibrated and compensatedattenuator. The chosen method should have an accuracy of±2%.

注释：火花机的校准必须在试验电极没有电线或电缆通过的情况下进行。校准所用的示波器和电源衰减器也必须先校准，选择的测试方法的误差应在±2%以内。

5 Test voltage  测试电压值

5.1 Contact electrode 接触式电极

5.1.1 General 常规

The high voltage supply to the test electrode shall beeither alternating current, direct current, high frequency current or impulsedcurrent as specified in 4.1.

通常采用的测试高压电源有交流、直流、高频和脉冲。在4.1中有详细介绍。

for all types of testing, the conductor ofthe core under test, or the conductor, metallic sheath, screen or armourunderlying the non-metallic sheath to be tested ,shall be continuously earthed.金属护套导线，

适合于所有类型的电线测试，测试时金属线芯、金属屏蔽部分或金属铠装层以及金属护套都必须连续的良好接地。

5.1.2 Insulation  绝缘

Spark test voltage values given by thepotential difference between the test electrode and the conductor of the coreor cable under test shall be specified in the cable standard.

火花试验时，电极与被测试电线或电缆之间的电位差的值在电线标准中有明确规定。

测试电压参考表
5.1.3 Insulation/sheath   绝缘/护套

When spark testing of a combination ofinsulation/sheath is specified in the relevant cable standard, it shall becarried out using one of the voltage sources specified in 4.1 at theappropriate voltage given as follows:

绝缘护套的火花测试标准，要按照4.1里规定的电源种类和电压标准：

a)     a.c.: at 6kV per millimetre of the combined tabulatedradial thickness of insulation and sheath, up to a maximum voltage of 25kV;

 交流电源测试时，每一毫米绝缘厚度的护套要求6kV的电压，最高为25kV。

b)     d.c.and impulse: at 9kV per millimetre of the combinedtabulated radial thickness of insulation and sheath, up to a maximum voltage of38kV for d.c.and 23kV for impulse;

使用直流电源或脉冲测试时，每一毫米绝缘厚度的护套要求9kV的电压，直流最高为38kV，脉冲最高为25kV.

c)     h.f.: at 7kV per millimetre of the combined tabulatedradial thickness of insulation and sheath, up to a maximum voltage of 14kv.

使用高频电源测试时，每一毫米的绝缘厚度要求7kV的电压，最高为14kV.

5.1.4 Sheath 护套

When spark testing of sheath of thicknessgreater than 0.5mm isspecified in the relevant cable standard it shall be carried out using one ofthe voltage sources specified in 4.1 at the appropriate voltage given asfollows:

 在绝缘厚度大于0.5mm的护套电缆测试在电线的标准中应有详细的规定，适当的选择4.1中的电源进行测试。

a)   a.c.: at 6kV per millimetre of tabulated radialthickness of sheath, up to a maximum voltage of 25kV;

 交流测试时，每毫米厚度的护套需要6kV的电压测试，最高电压是25kV

b)   d.c.and impulse: at 9kV per millimetre of tabulatedradial thickness of sheath, up to a maximum voltage of 38kVfor d.c.and 23kV forimpulse;

直流和脉冲测试时，每毫米厚度的护套需要9kV的电压，直流的最高电压是38kV,脉冲的最高电压是23kV;

c)   h.f.: at 7kV per millimetre of tabulated radialthickness of tabulated radial thickness of sheath,upto a maximum voltage of10.5kV.

 高频测试时，每毫米厚度的护套的电压是7kV，最高测试电压是10.5kV.

NOTE. For sheath thickness below 0.5mm,the test voltage should be the subjectof agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

注意：当护套的厚度小于0.5mm时，测试电压应当由制造商和购买者协调。

5.2 Non-contact electrode  非接触式电极

The supply to the test electrode shall bedirect current only,as defined in 4.1b. The conductor of the core or themetallic layer under the sheath shall be continuously earthed and the potentialdifference between the electrode and the conductor or the metallic layer shallbe 18kV.

供给测试电极的电源只能是直流，直流定义在4.1里有详细叙述。被测试电线的金属线芯或金属屏蔽层必须接地，测试电极与被测电线或金属层的电位差是18KV。

6 Design of electrode  电极的设计

6.1 contact electrode  接触式电极

The contact electrode shall be of metallicconstruction and its length shall be such that every point of the insulatedconductor or non-metallic covering under test is in the electrode for a timenot less than the following:

接触式电极为金属材料做制成。电极的有效长度应使被测产品绝缘上每点通过电极的时间不小于以下标准：

a)   with a.c. supply to the electrode:0.05s;  交流电源测试时为0.05s.

NOTE 1. This time represents a maximumthrough-put speed of 1.2 M/minper millimetre of electrode.

注2：这个时间表示被测试产品穿过每毫米长电极的最大速度为1.2M/min.

b)   with d.c.supply to the electrode: 0.001s;直流电源测试时为0.001s.

NOTE 2. This time represents a maximumthrough-put speed of 60M/minper millimetre of electrode.

注2：这个时间表示被测试产品穿过每毫米长电极的最大速度为60M/min.

c)   with h.f. supply to the electrode: 0.001s; 高频电源测试时为0.001s.

NOTE 3. this time represents a maximum through-putspeed of 60M/min permillimetre of electrode.

注3：这个时间表示被测试产品穿过每毫米长电极的最大速为60M/min.

d)    with impulse supply to the electrode:0.02s. 脉冲电源测试时为0.02s.

NOTE 4. This time represents a maximumthrough-put speed of 3.0M/min permillimetre of electrode.

注4：这个时间表示被测试产品穿过每毫米长电极的最大速度为3.0M/min.

The electrode in direct contact with the cable undertest shall not consist of mercury or of any other material in the fluid state.

与电线电缆接触的电极不允许由水银或其他任何液体所组成。

6.2 Non-contact electrode  非接触式电极

The non-contact electrode shall consist ofa cylindrical metal tube whose internal diameter is nominally 13mm.

The length of the electrodes shall be suchthat every point of the core or cable under test is in the electrode for notless than 0.001s.

非接触式电极是由内径为13mm的金属管制成的。

电极的有效长度应使被测产品绝缘上每点通过电极的时间不小于0.001s.

NOTE. This time represents a maximumthrough-put speed of 60M/minper millimetre of electrode.

注：这个时间表示被测产品穿过每毫米长电极的最大速度为60M/min.

The core or cable under test shall be guided by anysuitable means through the centre of the test electrode and be maintained inthat position without undue deviation for the duration of the test run. Themaximum recommended core or cable size that should be tested by the non-contactsystem is 3.0mmdiameter overall.

电线或电缆通过适当的引导方式穿过试验电极中心，并保证在运行期间能顺利通过而不受影响，在非接触式电极测试时，被测试电线或电缆的的最大直径为3.0mm。

7 Fault indicator  破坏指示器

there shall be a failure detection circuitto give a visible or audible indication of insulation/sheath failure. The faultdetector shall be arranged to operate a digital display counter such that onecount per discrete fault is registered. The counter shall maintain theindication until the indication is manually cancelled.

击穿指示器由数字计数器和声响报警器组成，能对每次击穿都能记录和报警。击穿指示器应能保持其记数，直至下一个击穿被记录或指示器被人工复位。

8 Sensitivity  灵敏度

8.1 A.C., h.f. and d.c.electrode supply  交流、高频、直流电源电极

The sensitivity of the spark testingapparatus shall be such that the detector will operate when an artificial faultdevice, described in annex B, is connected between the electrode and earth. Themethods for assessing the sensitivity apply for a.c. and h.f.as specified inB.1 and for d.c.as specified in B.2.

火花试验机的灵敏度测试需要在电极和地之间连接一个人工击穿装置，详见附录B，交流和高频的灵敏读测试在B.1中，直流和脉冲的灵敏度测试在B.2中。

8.2 Impulse wave-form electrodesupply  脉冲电源电极

The detection circuit shall be sufficientlysensitive to indicate a fault when the electrode is arced to ground through a0.5 MΩ resistor andshall be capable of detecting a fault which lasts for the duration of only oneimpulse.

报警电路的灵敏度要十分的高，当电极电对地电阻达到0.5 MΩ形成电弧时，电路必须发出报警信号。并且在一个脉冲只发出一个错误信号。

9 Calibration frequency  校准的周期

NOTE. The efficacy test refered to in note3 of clause 3 should be carried out upon initial installation of the equipmentor upon any extension to the range of core or cable to be tested (see C.2.1).

9.1 The voltage calibration specified in 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 shall be carried out at least once a year, and afterany repairs or major adjustments to the equipment.

电压的校准见4.2.1和4.2.2。每一年必须校准一次，在大修或较大调整后，也应进行校准。

9.2 The sensitivity test specified inclause 8 shall be carried out at least once a year, and after any repairs ormajor adjustments to the equipment.

灵敏度的测试见第8部分，在大修或较大程度调整后，也应进行校准。

上传一份嘛!谢谢了

不错 可以参考

＂To avoid the risk of electrical shock topersonnel, for all types of voltage source the output shall be limited to lessthan 10mA r.m.s or equivalent. ＂

请问楼主，如何验证此项？